How does Europe compare on protection against child sexual abuse?

After two years of negotiations, the EU has reached a landmark agreement on the new Child Sexual Abuse Directive, setting much stricter rules against predators.

One of the most significant measures allows victims of child rape and other serious offences to formally file a complaint against their alleged assailant until they turn 50, in all EU member states.

It aims to remove what’s been called a cruel geographical “lottery” by giving all victims across the EU at least 32 years to file charges after reaching the age of 18.

That’s particularly relevant for countries with shorter limitation periods, such as Finland, Slovakia, Bulgaria, and Lithuania, where victims typically have only between 20 and 25 years to report even the most serious child abuse crimes.

At the same time, countries such as Sweden, Belgium, Hungary, Cyprus, the Netherlands, Ireland, Denmark and non-EU member the UK, have abolished limitation periods for the most serious counts or most of them.

Victims: ‘No arbitrary legal deadline should deny survivors justice’

Victims of child abuse and NGOs focused on justice for such cases have resoundingly celebrated the updated measure.

“This Directive is a vital step toward ensuring effective access to justice for survivors”, said Miguel Hurtado Calvo, spokesperson for Brave Movement, a global organisation supporting victims of child abuse.

“My own abuser — a Catholic monk — avoided any jail time because the statute of limitations had run out, despite his abuse of 12 children over three decades,” he said. “No survivor should ever be denied justice because of an arbitrary legal deadline.”

Although the new directive “brings much-needed consistency, it is not the end of the road”, he added. “Our ultimate goal remains the full abolition of both criminal and civil statutes of limitations for childhood sexual abuse across every EU member state.”

The statute of limitations has also been extended to a minimum of 20 years for almost all other child sexual offences.

The new Child Sexual Abuse directive will also cover new offences like grooming, access to child abuse livestreams and AI-generated images, and set higher penalties.

The package could be adopted by the end of the year, pending formal confirmation by the Council of the European Union and the European Parliament.

How do countries compare on child sexual abuse protection?

However, child protection is also about prevention.

A new report by Out of the Shadows, a global benchmark on child protection measures, assessed how countries compare in reducing the risk of sexual violence and quickly responding to suspected abuses.

Among eight European countries studied, the UK ranked first in prevention, thanks to a range of measures covering education, helplines, safeguarding and caregivers.

On the other hand, Germany’s prevention score is only seventh in Europe and 20th worldwide, level with Cambodia, Guatemala and Japan.

Berlin does better on the healing front. It’s first in Europe for timely recovery services and legal aid pathways, followed by Italy and France.

The index also analysed each justice system’s overall response capacity, including comprehensive criminalisation of offline and online offences, as well as specialised law enforcement capabilities and safeguards for children in criminal justice proceedings.

Here, the UK ranks first again with 82.4, followed by France at 82.2, while Russia, Albania and Serbia appear to have the least effective legal protections in Europe.

Worldwide, Australia emerges as the country with the best overall score (83), which also includes efforts to engage survivors, children and adolescents in shaping more inclusive and responsive systems.